Originally known as Mortlach Castle, Balvenie was built in the 13th century castle of enclosure with an impressive curtain wall, a rare example of 13th-century military architecture in Scotland.

The Atholl Lodging within the castle is another fine example of Renaissance architecture, showing the layout of a noble residence and containing some fine details.

Balvenie was added to in the 15th and 16th centuries. The castle hosted Mary Queen of Scots in 1562 and other notable guests include King Edward I of England and the Marquess of Montrose.